Rewriting history and mahmud ghaznavi vinod kumar ever since the bharatiya janata party bjp headed coalition came to power in delhi, rewriting of history has been a contentious issue. However another forgotten aspect of the somnath temple was the floating shivalinga in the temple. Mahmud founded a university at ghazni with a vast collection of valuable books of various languages. However, modern historians believe this was an attempt to connect himself with the history of old persia. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books. Mahmud ghaznavis 17 invasions of india work in progress. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books for an. In 1026, sultan mahmud of ghazni raided the hindu temple of somanatha somnath in textbooks of the colonial period. Mahmud of ghazni november 971 30 april 1030, also known as mahmudi zabuli, was the most prominent ruler of the ghaznavid empire. His sixteenth expedition was the plunder of somnath temple. Why aurangzeb and mahmud ghazni are heroes in pakistan but villains in india and how the colonial state helped engender this narrative. Mahmud was born in the town of ghazni in the region of zabulistan now presentday afghanistan on 2 november 971. The story of the raid has reverberated in indian history, but largely during the raj. After the death of sabuktigin, his son ismail claimed the throne for a temporary period, but he was defeated and captured by mahmud in 998 at the battle of ghazni.
Jul 02, 20 though not an indian figure, the persona of mahmud of ghazni 997 1030 ce is of immense importance to the contours of indian history. How nehru portrayed an idol breaker as an art lover. Sultan mahmud ghaznavi life history history books, history, life. In this article, let us focus on how mahmud ghaznavi is portrayed in history books written for indian school children and what his contemporary and other muslim. The kitabiiyamini, historical memoirs of the amir sabaktagin and. He ascended the throne upon the death of his father mahmud in 1030.
A zealous sunni moslem, he plundered wealthy india and used the booty to patronize culture in ghazni, making it the center of persoislamic civilization. Islamic influence had gone moribund in the conquered areas by. Mahmud of ghazni destroyed and looted one of the most sacred temples of hindus somnath temple in 1025 ad killing over 50,000 people who tried to defend it. May 24, 2016 from will durant to stanley wolpert, including hindu nationalists like k. Rewriting history and mahmud ghaznavi kashmir herald. Originally published in 1931, this book presents a historical account regarding the life and times of mahmud of ghazni. He transformed his capital, ghazna modern ghazni, afghanistan, into a cultural centre. Mahmud, a turkish chieftain of ghazni i aghanistan, award of his strength and influence, destroyed these kingdoms one after the other and united the whole of eastern iran. Complete information of mahmud ghaznis invasions of india. I remember a short story back when i was in 4th standard. He took ghazni place in afghanistan from simonids and maintained government there. He was 6 years old when his father sabugtagin became the ruler of ghazni.
Similarities and dissimilarities between mahmud and ghori. The names of sultan mahmuds nine wives, dozens of concubines, and more than fifty children are largely lost to history. Mahmud of ghazni was a great soldier and conqueror. First muslim mohammad bin qasim invaded india in 712 ad and conquered sindh. Do you know raja samgramaraja repulsed several attacks of mahmud of ghazni in kashmir. For over four decades, marxist historians have dominated writing of history books. Mahmud of ghazni news newspapers books scholar jstor september 2015 learn. His successors in the ghaznavid dynasty, which mahmud founded, ruled over a reduced domain with the capital at lahore until 1186. Turkish invasion this article will clearly explain about the turkish invasion. There is a sharp difference of opinion regarding the number of invasions made by. The military of pakistan has named its shortrange ballistic missile in the honour of mahmud of ghazni, the ghaznavi missile. In the name of islam, he conquered the eastern iranian lands and the northwestern indian subcontinent from 997 to his death in 1030.
When he was young, mahmud helped his father gain land through military campaigns against turk nobles. Brilliant and ambitious, mahmud at once turned his attention to india. Gansu province is known as the western gateway to china. When subuktagin attacked king jaipal, mahmud fought for his father in the battlefield. The present book butshikan is historical novel which contains life story and history of sultan mehmood ghaznavi in urdu language. His father, sabuktigin, was a turkic slave commander who laid foundations to the ghaznavid dynasty in ghazni in 977, which he ruled as a subordinate of the samanids, who ruled khorasan and transoxiana. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmud ighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. At ghazna see ghazni, his capital, he built a magnificent mosque. Besides, raja samgramaraja also helped trilochanpala, the hindu sahi ruler of lahore, with an army against mahmud of ghazni. Born in 971, mahmud ghaznavi was the elder son of subuktagin, the king of ghazni.
Biography of mahmud of ghazni, first sultan in history. Sultan got an excellent education in his childhood. Mahmud of ghazni mahmud of ghazni 9711030 was the first sultan of the ghaznavid dynasty in afghanistan. Mahmud of ghazni started out in the world as a constant. Mahmud of ghazni in 998 ad, the turkish conqueror, mahmud of ghazni, succeeded his father, and established a huge empire in central asia, with capital at ghazni, the presentday south kabul. He had taken part in all of his fathers campaigns against jaipal, and knew the weakness of the indian armies as well as the riches of the kings and temples. Know the overall place and significance of mahmud ghazni s 17 times. His title signified that the muslim caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now iran, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, kyrgyzstan, afghanistan, pakistan, and. King sabugtageen fought against simonids nation and defeat them. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the. History chiefly remembers mahmud of ghazni for this nefarious deed and even the textbook history of the ancient somnath temple usually centers around this infamous looting raid. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture. Mahmud of ghazni is a much reviled character in hindu literature, while.
Text books and history mahmud of ghazni somnath temple mahmud ghazni mahmud of ghazni was the first independent ruler of the. Mahmud of ghazni, qutbuddin aibak, balban, mohammed bin qasim, and sultan mohammad tughlak, all have bloodstained hands that. The actions of one person in any age cause ripples that affect the lives of thousands who live downstream. Plunderer mahmud could never defeat the kashmiri king. What is the truth about the somnath temple and mahmud of. Well, while mainstream history books paints mahmud ghazni to be invincible on his fast attack helicopter to launch plundering raids into heartland of indi. Ghaznevid dynasty rewriting history and mahmud of ghazni 4 online copy. He conquered the eastern portions of the persian empire including, modern afghanistan, and the northwestern indian subcontinent modern pakistan from 997 to his death in 1030. In 1029, the sultan mahmud of ghazni burned the library and all the books found to be heretical. Mahmud of ghazni wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. Due to this mahmood ghaznavi is considered as a looter and plunder by the most of the nonmuslims of south asia.
Mahmud of ghazni was an islamic invader who invaded india, destroyed temples, looted huge amounts of wealth and converted people enmasse into islam. Mahmuds territorial gains lay mainly w and n of afghanistan and in the punjab. Mahmud ghazni project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. How samgramaraja of kashmir repulsed attacks of mahmud of ghazni.
Dunhaung is an ancient town along the trade route known as the silk road. Iranian historymahmud ghaznavi wikibooks, open books for. Though mahmud was the elder son of his father, it is said that in his last days, subuktagin was not. Sultan mahmood ghaznavi archives download free pdf books. Subuktigin died in 997, and after a brief struggle his son, known to history as mahmud of ghazni, succeeded him. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. A concise biography of sultan mahmud ghaznavi is written. He began a series of seventeen raids into northwestern india at the end of the 10th century. Tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni by firishtah, muhammad qasim hindu. Mahmud of ghazna is important in islamic history because his actions set the tone for the interaction between the world of islam and the world of the hindus. Mahmud of ghazni 9711030 was the first sultan of the ghaznavid dynasty in afghanistan. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into an extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern iran proper to the punjab in the indian subcontinent, khwarazm in transoxiana, and makran. Mahmud s territorial gains lay mainly w and n of afghanistan and in the punjab.
The heritage of ghazni and bukhara columbia university. How is india and hinduism portrayed in pakistani text books. He was 27 years old then and the first ruler to get the title as sultan, which means authority, thereby implying his power. His father, abu mansur sabuktegin, was a mamluk warrior slave of turkic origin, and the founder of the ghaznavid empire. Albiruni traveled to india and there studied sanskrit and translated texts into arabic and persian. Utbis history is generally called alyamini after mahmuds moniker. Mahmud built a number of madaras institutions of higher learning and mosques. Aburayhanalbiruni born 987 ad was a muslim scientist and historian attached to the court of mahmud of ghazni, the ravager of india. Mahmud was the son of sabuktigin, a turkopersian slave of the yamini tribe who served alptigin, the turkish adventurer. Jun 18, 2017 mahmud of ghazni was born in ad 971 in the town of ghazni, khorasan which is today in the southeastern part of afghanistan. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or. Translation of the tarikhisultan mahmudighaznavi, or, the history of sultan mahmud of ghazni. In 997, he overthrew his younger brother, ismail, who had been. From wikibooks, open books for an open world history.
Mahmud of ghazni simple english wikipedia, the free. The most remarkable event in the history of medieval iran was the rise of the ghaznavid empire. The history of india, as told by its own historians. Mahmud of ghazni project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks. The story was about an indian pilot, whose jet crashed in pakistan in 1965 war, he survived and was ad. Alptigin was earlier awarded the province of ghazni is eastern afghanistan by the caliph of baghdad in return for his military assistance. At the time of his death, his kingdom had been transformed into a extensive military empire, which extended from northwestern iran proper to the punjab in the indian subcontinent,khwarazm in transoxiana, and makran. Mahmud of ghazna, mahmud of ghaznin, muhammad habib, ghaznin, delhi sultanate, rezavi. Munshi and the current crop of hindutva fundamentalists, identify the raid of mahmud of ghazni in 1026 ad and his desecration of the somanatha temple in gujarat as a event that left a traumatic imprint on hindus for ages to come.
Mahmud of ghazni november 971 30 april 1030 was the first independent ruler of the ghaznavid dynasty, ruling from 998 to 1030. Jawaharlal nehruthe first prime minister of india was also author of. Detailed information is given on mahmud s seventeen expeditions into northwestern india, with a particular emphasis on their geographical setting. His title signified that the muslim caliph remained the religious leader of the empire despite being the political leader of a vast swath of land, encompassing much of what is now iran, turkmenistan, uzbekistan, kyrgyzstan, afghanistan, pakistan, and northern. To be honest, i dont remember much what was there in our text books regarding india. Find information about mahmud ghazni s invasions of india, its venue, year, reasons, winner, loser and aftermath of the battles. It laid down the foundation for the writing of the modern scientific history of medieval india. From wikibooks, open books for an open world couldnt indian rulers defeat muhammad gazni even a single time during his 17 invasions.
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